Serendipity underlies some of the greatest scientific discoveries. And it was certainly at play in 2015 when a team of biologists stopped off to relax at a popular waterfall on the Philippine island of Palawan after spending a long day surveying nearby streams to document the island’s freshwater fish diversity. Out of curiosity, they investigated what lived in the cool waters beneath the scenic falls, only to find a species of fish unmistakably new to science.