![Fish Show Evolution Can Occur In Less Than Ten Years](data:image/png;base64,/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQEASABIAAD/2wBDABENDRAOEBgQEBggFxMXICEaFxcaISohISEhISorJScnJyclKysuMDAwLis2Njk5NjZBQUFBQUFBQUFBQUFBQUH/2wBDARITExYWFhsUFBsgGBgYICggHR0gKDAoJyQnKDA3LisrKysuNzM1MDAwNTM6Ojc3OjpBQUFBQUFBQUFBQUFBQUH/wAARCADoASwDAREAAhEBAxEB/8QAGwAAAgMBAQEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAwQBAgUABgf/xABAEAABAwIEBAQDBwMEAQIHAAABAgMRACEEEjFBEyJRYQUycYGRodEUI0JSscHwYuHxBhUzciSCkkNTorLC0uL/xAAZAQEBAQEBAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAQIDBAX/xAAxEQACAQIFAgQGAgIDAQAAAAAAARECIRIxQVFhA3EigZGhEzKxweHwBNFCUhRy8SP/2gAMAwEAAhEDEQA/AM0pEwg6nVVoFO9tTAi8SSVJuPwx2pyaOTDbljYTciNqAdSZRmOsQf7UyIAVKV26kGgGmYCgmBI5veqQGtlTguZDf8FAIuIUiDqT++9TgppMzlCFnlAkmliBVTmEHaSdBfT3qkBZiEdAm3+aAK0oLk7Rb9KAbbE3IuQI2iqQ5Vl8ugNv560zBwUQTm/Eb0yBQ8xievpQAnlwUpTZNh1M1Cg3tT1oAHGDacyhMCMu/tTsCr7WWctiRJ6xV7gQW1PMT7VDQu4ADIv86FBLK5ioCmWUZp9BvQoNQoDgjNQBm0RO+1CA3LqufU0KCoDqAk2tQETQEiaAi896AmgGWzKaEBL2vPbpQpUooD0aivMAJuDc/SkeRk5Hk79es1SAnhBmJ6/3oUheYgTede53qAhsfe32FAOjmSN/SqQ4yCfnQAOGJGfc/KoBhLXLmNknW9UgV1RUghKYhsqB6J6/Sp7ASeWpC0pPksoTuRTn0NDOFQriAKsIlPvR2uzI8pIQkiDratfQgNb5aVKNBGX1/wA1GUMpZcTmMZ4gk7mnEkF+KAoAXzTp0pfQoJf/ACHfp70BUqFh86ATdWpKuTfQUKDUVqzBQuImkAXWSTIGmg7VCgvwFYtHL2k0AqRadhvQpK9J96ADE0KWT30oAueEgDrNCAVIMZtutClE60BdxSVaUBEDU/CgKGKAttQEQaA5OtAOICUoiD9aEF1iFztQpK0ifqaEPQP82UxBAjrMa0IWBOVSU2zwdPy1SFCFq1ursKhQZw6xcE8p94NIAZDISRm8yr1eCDCWwADp2GtCAVqlZA8x0FQoVWHRnzKVAAFh+KnuBtaVcMhAvlmZtNUgs+hOT7wFQtPNlT6dTU9PP+gUw2TithtsWkH8UT66RTxdvYrgstriOl1SsyEp5TqCqf0pbNAYJIbJVdPeqQC4Asp2Cbnp1HwpmC6FDMpYuTGtUFVHNBBjrGtQErQqxEZDc0AoqQB7xQpVaoPwv3oALyi6opBndZqFE3QUpiYPTtQAicwk3HTpFCgd+goCF3n96ACoGhSbx+tAFbE639KEGVDM2QrQaJGtCCJB9KGiu0fGgOKCnWgIoC1ATpI1oDjl7zQBEODKZ/zQBpClAwdvlQguu6jN+9Ab0/8AkZU3RrPQ0QY1lGXXQRaqZIR0NhHWmfIJLmRZAG2Ue+ppFWwCohaQfxRPr/aqQlzMtChcnUJT0EVIAGVSVgABKspVO8TUKWClKy681r27zV9gaHM2lGeBm7g6Dca1XvP1IKFQvmEg6GP0p2AFKuDnUDAPmP09qhRlpXLI5RHKKEFM0H+j9KhS3FBTGkzNUEhQMJb8ibHuIqAvkJkDVdr7W1qkKLdITyiwt7ChREk6G2vxqFJXYDrQAjP70BnvOZlT2g0KcqFC1ulADURMpED4/OhSlyZOutAdHb0oDlX1oBtlGVOYi5sDQyF4Em/KEj+TVAu9Ac5tdo2qFBBaR5dzrvQpRclXMCO5oAY+QoC9rmgIEQZ1oCulASCCMtAW41ydZoChJNAenYUi5QO3p770Mm74PhMNiEuKU3xnW5UGyqyvyjpra9avHhhPn6syN4dGJUlpD2GQ08oKQ+hpIyieZCgbgEAEG+99qV9KvL4mOnWuYnys/Y3S6G8o2TzKIwnHDgQM6m1BOVJ/FMa15lify3Ws6co6tJJPKbln/DlNCVot1+X87VrLX1kxKFOE2RIVANua3tNSd0OxU+HE34eZMxKLifauieLJ8EfYr9mAIlExoDb61qOpv6r9ZLHP4Z17LwwrlEAKOYfKP0q31S8vyZjn2A/7ZiyLJ0rUELPeHONrDbwAn4dTUlbgHi1tSEsoCUpsTN1Hc3/Sq6m9vL8CBBSgZNYKLKJWCka+nWhRUvFnyXBImjKaP2oJCdstutQkEca2UJjv3pIAuSkXF9qoFs5uTQoFblySZNvlQACoA9aFIlJN70BKUSbfz1oQkICidqAuoKCRYC1qA5pmeZWn7UA0kX4yt+VI7UIMwnLKjClXPanJBDENtIMwIJ31oUWvmTaPWhRsg45BePKEiINyT/TUX+vuBLgpKCSq42qlAUBIvQElBF6ArpQHTQFiZoDfwZzTCdbH5VbmWajGJW19/h1FKkWB69u47UzIeha/1AHcOUrHDfKeVQ8snca6dDWKpWmJcZm6YnYN4ThEICV580DNIOs6ewFamipJUrLfOdzp1K229KdEO49zI0VRITCj0jSs1I5SeUx7LiVK4A4iUDnyxaf7zFLdii2E8SeYegHN2PX2iIrnUlmsyo10eNqB50AjpP1minRyWw6z4swuxZHy+laxVkikfaxLThASiN+mlXGyQjL8ZfS2U7qF71qjgyzyb2IJJPvv+xNV5gXU8hSYN7bEVJECxcyrz76D3qlAquqdtaAZQkvECf6j6CoCzB4hUSI1+XrTUBXEHy+1UADh+YzptQC7zIHL+KgB8A6G0UBHByW/Fa3rSQGSyUKF7/vQEKEKt6T1mhC6zyggWGp6f3oAyGsyd9IH60AXhrUbWgWFLAG6VjXmpBBd1J0UQSNBrf1oUWOUJzKvOgoUKxiyhPCyTmGxqNXkoqVXMDk0qgFFAWSaAla5EUAKaA6gOg0B6/DYVxuFEzfpqKpgb4SQOg1CaEF2zlMGOWb670TKPYZ11n7xpWVwadx361Gv/dhPoTiMc8+TPIfKcuka796jl5tMqhGc68hKudxwGZJEEH1FZw70rvJpPYEhtpjmbTmKtVkz3o6Js3bgYuA4fWFXtE6JFX4aRMRZWKfR5F/IfuKr6dOUNebGJg2fHce1z5gqLkFA29IrHw1/i6vWfqXFwvoEcxycSkrXJKhqbma3TC/oyYr5v/P8/CqUomCqDExvSQFLBcb/AKhdI3otgKlwk3tEjSoUdGH4eUN5irRRi0RTPQyHT90SYlWv7VQSpWhI1mT2oChzTOm4oAOTiQSI+lClghCFZulkjrOvwoQEphJ5VG+xFMilUylQSrb8XWgLpbCyEg9Z/tQhZbaUAJAtMR6bU3ggZCZlRsTvsB0oArSBdXaL/rTUCyzO3YdqAWV1Ee94oUUz5lkJuYubUKSkQDmR+1AF/wBuxTlkN22/CD8aeYJ/2p0D705QNcozR1p2KHZ8JaXfi8v8vXN9VLR2EMWx3howyC424HETGkGrT1KarQ0xdZi7OBefbLqByAxfrW5UxPIIawjri8sQRrm0HrRtIDqPCMwniT6JMVnFwxHY9E24LEidpG1aMFXHpQbm3kG0/wCKjKJtPZV5yYBsaSDVQtLiIG3xE1ogBfKtUmOk1AJlJN176dqFLMt5VW8qtvQ0INgMphLhiRqZ+BiulNSXzGWnoZj61cdS1HzHME1zblmlkIOuOMOcm17dDrQ0Mtvjha9oqSBLEK4ulooUhkZVTSQakAolJ0kUIZ6kyrLEmoU2sIuWkpKcqiDmHbb2q8Myxd+HCq2lye1UE8TiDhIjMUx6d6IAic1jYJ5TPxpkDuIFcvt7VASrywN7mqChSIuYP80oCiEJVv8AwUA1wyQkIt17f5oQhSUgCetqoOGvroKgJzfiO+naqBVc8WE37a/IVGUsjwvEYhR/CFf+6PQVJ2uWDQw/+nUJOVxeUDXMYHyrlV1qU1S2lPJrBVGLC/Q0MLg8K0ZYbLi/6hCfqaxVVU7LtM5lw7mrhmcO8FEEDEkKDQ/Ckxb51qipKtf8hWVS4XMmaqXgeHY8P4thcanG8ASBYWVYdSYr29ZUvx0eOm/4M01Z6XIQMhKEqzgGM3WN68taXnqbUlsSwp9AaynN5un61KLTVvkR/QZGGCAlM3Iix3HX/FL6rJjsXbYbQkgCSdSTTUBi9FjWoZCMMrfWDJ99ulb0IEdbHDtebg+m9CGO4uJB169ahsM1ieC6FXMWP6UXAg2HE8dIjmChIV2rRgVJvbWoU7jpTb8O4m96SCjjtgZ0mOlSSwZ7zieJnJkHeoIAPEq5j9apRfLFUBGmeIlRKgnKNCbn0rLcAIrDlN5t8vaqBlt1QbKE72NQF8Oy3lDizCyT7UA24EpWl1HTf8o+taMChdCno2k5hU5KPsoCjKjIIiE6/wAFUyLkJJIGokHraqUQcs4DpN59KjKGbUXD8fhUAfILWmRa+lUFk7jLp86EJWoka67DSKAkOFSMuUZSbHpTzAVjw93EEJbErOntvTOxeRo+FttqH2p4QNUN6/2rVSVNm54CGcPh2lHJh2oSYGZX83rz9TqU0J115JG6aGyPF8f/ALGlpKWg464CogkgBI00rHTor/k9B9epvp9N1Yenu+eDpjp6dWGm7i9QTwzxrD+MMKYLPBcEkwZEJuToK49D+J0+n1ViT6ldXy1NvPtwSvq1fMnZaMcaeYYCHHUlQEaHy3vPU17On0cOKEq4bUZ+dzlXVLiY35Bu4vw9Drjjag42UKOTe+6Zr0N46uk8q034otbRkSapavnbg87jlsLlZMpV/wAaUqn/AN29YxUPxZU/6aybVLmMN9W/sLYUFJ4tglFxI/avM1jcaM6V1Ye4wp5x5fGVJWrUnU+p7VuLRojiWHEkLWbHvpSwLpQAJq6kOUlc2Gbqe9TzKLMvZFlP4leaNPStgKtS/wDjTYQVHt+1IAhw5OadL3oUsjKhUg2NAN4LFEfdKBynmE/hoZIfJUo3FO5RBYzg5tahQKZugKkaCRQBFYdQRmOk1RJykmyTrFALuDLQFZUVAiJOwFAOsDiJgmwk21oLkISrlJtM21+NCSOYJQsrSfkaZEZfEcpOa03PtVBnvrCV5kHWo2aNXBr4gF7DpYCpJGKgKQ6tRMkk+4rTzIK4lQTt8aFCYBpS+dUwPLPTSoDRlCO3StGRRLvOd/pWXmEgjDTjpsLn3pJTXwXhwW4jiOJSJ9Ta+lYneUaWcI2HnWWWFN4Rvh5hlLn4z761F/Koprpoz4Oj6Li+YvhMEymHHznM2B0+FYr6rc4Mt2c2azShlgCOsb7a0Xb1EVbiHjngSfF0NrDgbdbTl5rgjvXr6HWpXSfR6lPhlNRpGxzqTxYk9IcmX4bgWPB1Rm4qlyhZFhG4ArLUVKumfC7SRuVDtr6DS8ahtCk8q0HQRpXoTvNNkldHOqhNqc9zCxmJQolvDITzn8Mz/iuFXXw2pzi9UHqop1qvGUgkYNCB96Z/pFedUt3ZurqvKn1IW5mORPKOwrrkjiFQkKvmJHwvWJsUYtokdz61AUUo7a0B2ftVAm4AlfL7/wB62Aq3EqaVxLHYfrFHkDNlSxlTp3/Q0KNJQlSEAglW8eUChAysjZygi5j2pYErT9pytoAOiQRY9KZkyAOYNbLgBMxcA3v9KRoakXOGIiTA9NzQSFzSjJ/JFQEJYcUJFxt+tVISBxKED137UAoAE3HSgGsK4rOI0MaipAbG3E5Qok2On0rRBNWJLKsrek2rOZSXMQt0SqYqFFyha5IE/tVINpUphmUShYPMTee1UhUYh1y+Uz1AtUuUqMI64qCm3eKA122zGVrQW9/atJN5Jtasz3LFhThhIJ9B9aw+pSnGKlPK7LhCN4VltcvAo7aq+B2q1Yqc/Ydh5DnLw8OiBf1V2J6dqizSdk3cNOJzA+HMeIrzKxoCDmHCyxMe23rXXr4KW6aaqa0/lSJTveUaZS22JWSpSvy9xua8vToiq3T7uLmqurU7T6mjgsCykB1Zm0x0m9dsDm68vYNrMusqUZR5ZgAaXvXT4anxOEv/AAziZV9l5aT+FMTJrpTgtr9jLbPNY5bbGb7wLX0QZn1V+wo+p06dcUkVNVWmEw1JxGMVlTyo7aVwq6rqOySpH2WEYdHLc6qWe1c0vUjcizzhUuJtfv8ASt2SMksgEwd/Qn0rLNDgQBZM6WOgrM75MEpWQL9jVgAXXI0+H9hWkt5JJSM11ftUAJTma6kmND71sp3KpNhpf2oQgYcrPNYE+gvVBZag3IsRmsJ23qATCy8tQ1k+bpGlAegZQjDsochKkieX8yuvtVZkC+4FO8SylaZwbCpkWBdayQoIgxJM9NLT62oUAlEAG/8Ae96BscHKBCuUeVP1qkMt9KQFGcwJvepJoGhqSI/kUkgZxvhgOaJGoGtCAXcYtwZRpp9KkGhV4KbPPqNYoCgzHyiYpBZNXw1CgCet40FZYHnMyrqufStGYEirmvb1j/8AahRnELa8NwbeKeb4zj88FskhCQN1RBPpVpUrHzBNYyC+G+O4rHp4ZaQhDZ5UMohNwfXStNV1UVJTHCJFKc6jaFqVoNNCo2r59H8OKm6vHx/Z6Pi2hWCIabX944suOKO2nvXprrw9OqtzU1ZKn28jNKmrTzDJdaaF+36zXx6n/I6j1SemSPSsK2AueINphSdRf3mvT0P46oqVVVTqa0p/sxVUmmtwafEVieUG+h0619P/AJNczCueWrpUvc0WfGHuFwgG063Jrl8bqOrFYuCmMIL7bktxZKvwpTb51HXXU5bLCVhXF47EPs8E2TMqlUrUfpVoxLFdX4Di1jObaR9KR5iWxn/jRxPYRr6mr9jIMpJziL/gvYdzaqnDT0ggANSnWT10FvWrP9FCss5znuY/FawrL4AV5eVvO55UCAQNv31q0q8aZkZkYrGqLyWmbr/Hor4Gui+Xl5DXgaSpRFhnOwb2HprNZxx89ra7hUt5SGQ3mmBAFuax+FZ+IhDWYuXELBSsQY/nyrZSjXmyzy/P5UDJfdSkZNTvQCrilOm2nakAZwiIUQueaL9u1aIzWfeAEA/9fSsyEhLzSNjvb2qyBdTykS2mx6igIZJCgTMdPrUKHdUFJgG+lUgqWZ5TYjf61ChWSlF9Yj2qAo+/nJHW3pVCFcM397xFaI+c0DH3eE4lCPyTmI3m/TaiMijZyqjmKVWJ166RUND+DhoQesU1AbEKKQAckG4EyY9Bf41SCgRF9J2jKPgOY0KOHEFbKWH2kPIQIRI0P71mmqvp2oawvRkdKd3YLh8S8gRhEow7bceWEyep61vG67OpU67EwpckHFDLOXmPTTvFXGs5l/UuHTQXU4+6M6Uwj1gVzbdU7FhLuS2yVrCTe0qKYt013rmkakvlKFQkX2/ya06diYtyeEtZ+eao0l3Cc9iUoaCQpWYz+a0+grMu4fAXOGEZjqelVKSC8/abggQQb9OlaewChCEcqTMaq61YeoLKj8VwNjSIsAbrLyxLcX8qTYf9iaspXvb3IDawJMF1SiB+G1+tZl5KO5QzigBkaGhEITb1+VMMZ5/cGXisUpbpw6suUAmEq1O2a23QV0sko1z3JdlMG1948tMKtlBAMZtfSKzU70aRd9ixZ8uw4cO6LSkL1cKB12T9ak/7Xn5RbTIOH2WAEFV/+pPxiiTDU8mYuEqCR+LXetAaQylAzK0vAH71QQpJBlQ3PSgKpfS2rIQO00BDq1ebrpQDWZRSEcPsMutUgLMrzKECITbaoUWeyFeXXomnYBEJdWoaxpQFnUKS4kjbb61AioacIJSTmOvT2qwJLNM6pWTm0EaX70gC2ICmE5ybzpUKmFYaKmBlGUpNz+Yq+lUjzLJZCOUTnGpnahAuXhCdNR/DVIBDqs2vKNKho0GF5m8kZeuQSr40uQCtkgmRaYUU3E9Cr8R7CjWpTikixFQAHnW2/P5thUKkJ53MUoIByp/KmstwdINnDNcHCJaNyFGf/VRO1Xc5O7OWksnK3ZCfN7VqJvqySQ2hyxc0PMADJvtNR8ZFsgupuSEp/D12q4VqZxHIbzHORG3cjpWHsjSnMo9z8qjaP58K2loiC7JGYdtLfvSoqHFEDlFztHX+1P1kORaVnzRyjvtroKmvBShWqwV6ZdYphcA5Sok7m+v6dKqQFwFCdAnTS/XWrFySL8LORwUpbSolS3OsWyxrUq828lxyVbaDii2wlIIypHW3xrCvM5sTsC+1Hc85uQDMdBf2rWH0yRJ9gan4Noj1+lbgCZ5XM4SolN/pVNDCEqkLclRtYUMhBmUJN9zFCijkAzvp2+NQD4w44Yza61SHI5FZk+brtQEPsuvosbG9t6kFTM0BTThzWOg7fGs9ipjyOLyqVGQmxH9qikOAS1LS4Ua5vaDWiD6LNgL170AFToZMG506zVEC7qTKVxcSADreqQbwyc0ZyZNgBploSS5Wnh/pHaoUSeeSDe5O3T1qSVI7EIIUgZvKMwgb+9AO8NTSJI1oDl4xJADhEiyUp0A6ACw77mmKBAjiMUZgW79qzMoqRGBYbxLi1LBITeO3r1qalZrIbS2lKgkBURPapH4MyDeVLRy7EWrdGsmWXS0rLKjlzEyfXpUn2gsB04fiHKOUAXOw7Vxq6q6d3eckjoqHVlbkgMqbTE835tSfTSqq1VfLgy6cJRx3hq/r19q6JWILATKzbaK2Qlv7vlWfgd9ay/yUItXNyi+86Adqs21IhdeIlwDX8uXQUyRUHWm0DbrRe5DlDIjNWkQUUskBPTT+amr9wUSAV5Fe3oKMA1v82+/8mq6QAVjDBSNRsKkFFi+VXn9aoNbIWUyT87xUKV6X20+tAcZiB8qgF2lBslWXmmyztQDDrqjKp+FQHNrAka99KoKKxLiUqConpP0tULAkp3iSYuetQsFmH+FKT5TfXQ0YgcxThBCwJzAKB1qoyGw6ipKk+/egJcw3Ol0Ty+YUA44sIBtBNUgqOTzfKqCXTmtEAWtv0qgQGFH2kJcuFEW+tYZZNJLd8xhRFgNraVGvQCuJQ68syrKkawdBVAiW+CsKSkmbSdorLyNo0VIGKbAjLGiuvauScdi6jOHZGGTEyo1pbs51M44iNvWa2yEsHOolJuOtZnQ1AxCUmZv8T7VzbKkFziIIBA8s7GuWDVW3N4s0CWvhi/eAf3r0U0rOTmxVSlEArv3rr2MlSL62Oh705RSG8/NIsOv61kBnGweWY3NJAMNpRpdXp+kUkBSfb9KSBdbikmFH1M6VrsBZZRmvcnqa2ZBL1MD329KAXdcgyPSgEVKUq+kz8KFIJB3PtQG84vim9lRQADxJCjoLHrUKGBURKj8ajAJOHuCrQH41CtjBbRBKRca1SAVfl0t8agKpSg8ytutQoJ5KFJ+7R5LqPahZIUgLBXcBNoO1Q0nuN4RviIUdzF/pURKrDjCgBy6JnMTW1kYZZ0gHm9qAE1iGytSFG5FlE7/lrLcCAK3stiRA2GpNFUyukuHPuysyZ0FaRADMrc4jnm7fKpAHnV8OT+aqyIzZU88EIk5rRUdRqB1TH3YSAM4t7UasRMsxicg4QMZeWRf9axGheQbmInmmTqSdutTIRIRnCOvDODkBuSr9hWXUWBlnDfZ5g5idJqK7uUu006CVOEFYEZU6UcSthJywhKLgSdogWrapnMkiLryc6leZRgT0rrHsZBoOeUkSZmqQO1JUEqj1PSo9kUuFCAY1Opo+CA80KlWnprNZa9ioZAnTmvHQVEJKOaXj+dK1EWIZ2KBJtpsBefWtZAUXnCv2OvzoUWKiCeaBNwNf0rRDozIzEHnMJVsYqTfsChZSJ6j9KoBkJoD0DTaW8yjptPepMAo4CdtPn3qSUulC1pzC5jU1SAfvArLv17VCkhxQy331N47xvUBRtsb97VADWCLekzQpDQRJBMgi+2l/nUZSrTRccIUPWNK1oJH+EtDZbTeIv2FYh0lnEWabKRMwdCn8w1rRhjC4JzK+FAIvttKVMZbUkCSylSo361hnVIK2pbZAWeQ2/wA1lPY1VSFQ6Glfv2rbaOeFsYeXmSFDTY0kRcJ4fy825t3rEhjLjLpa5bKF62mYMV5LuYqSM3/XrSTSNbB4FLDaXHkfeG9/w/U1zU1S9A3FhxayrTTWuipVJmZKzlE67XrObBQvE2TN7SdjXTChIniX8gCQcx/FIrSsQWTzgKUO8k6e1aBdpI1joNetQo2AExudKjRAJUdV2ymapDgpR+vzqMoRLtw2N5vM1Ms7ghSTlk+3WmoyFeEFg8S6R+HNlKjrv0rLb7SSqVkUW3hm5U4UiIVOWYJ1GsntU8TiNdCQ4zMpfNK5hJnl0kdTXY0B4qUr9Py7+9Cl+KDpvQgInt8BQp6cEqSQrrvvXKRAu6HEKBIyqOh29qsiBjOkJypv/VWmACzY1iSwUU4DAP8AJ3qkCNpLl0JKlE2CRJ6aUYGMR4RjEBK1MrICApRSny9jvI3tWVUagUCEhZQqxGxBBrRkuksoBJ0j51H2KVU+SgpBgHtVAVhalEcRSZ/LvUnTIrU3D8i18/8AAKZ5kE3sPmlQkJ96hZFEMrUolo3HWjjU1IVwcFmFEE9KxhvJpVTYqhtStE5ge1YfBuxolopZCMmWBuIrST2OLd7XGcO042AcipiIHes+ZWctL6pmb9j9K3JiCcNhiySpCFFehUrQfKsw8zWgZ5DsALTXRVYVZGYkGl8eRXLt6Vj4nAgtikktmNjymtdNpuA0Jmcn4ge2h9q7GRcgCxMEaiZtUksEIdCxGW5uB9ZpIg5B4JT+v961yBoOAkmfSqCxbtMbb1mSFMi1DL5SBtVBZLISEk29d/3rDLlkWXYZjprRGe4hiXEmc+W9gCM3wqx7EzFHswzEpOpm2/W1VRY0JPpQlVyo5tSY/Ymqsiia4TYVQVCiKAKVUB9ZQzgphDSOWwIQBB1sa+XLZ3JxasNw/wDyMmXvtMib61Yf2sJEm8J4fCi3h28khJK1a999K066laq3BI2LJ8I8OUrMjDoKVWSuSf8AtAJo6qspYgkeEeEIHELGUHqVWHsbVpVVEaO/3Dw/ABQZQBl5RlF/TqBNait5mbGXiv8AUZcWWUITxjDaeeIWq29iO9a+FaRiE2nXX1olAcajNLpzaG+U+btE1Yjgoxl8OeCi82hg+YFsqJOvLJt8qziqQhCx8PwC2wpjFhFykh6OmkpreN60k8wLWFDCvvFhfRSfL1/StfMTIXxiTOeI/aroVFHC6WMwm1lTp2NQpnZ1JNjH87VqCm94QnAkuu4kFa2mlPq3hKPNlSbFWmtZjJbmWa2ExuBxqE4nCIhIJaW07GfNEgoIJjcdPSrh5yzn8EHEMOElxeHShEEJ4jkiAQQLEknWsNf5PLIs06BsZj/9sZ+04otstnQJlbij0A0qYKmv/nRQ53qa+iYlatkfbHHAlScSnhrSlY5NlBRG+tq4YuriVPw0lrUnkbiiOdgKns6/vTxr+XyA6H/8qzX13T/k/wB0KqaewriPFkYJHFdQOGtWTh5dze0aV2/j9Svq4qqUoo3M10UqFLuS86y75UASLT9TW/jU2xUxOj1Hw6vIW+yD/wCGiZ66fI1madCQzkMZuXhoBOkzv6mNK1jS0GEIhDKEZloaJ/AIFz0P96fMnotzLQDE4nPyhCEjcBKR+1earp64o/eDa7CJQmfIiPT+1ZS2rZtp7IOwyhZ+74ClzBQpB/U2+VawvJ1VrZ5owy6/swnLh1Mq6pdMT/1Iy/CvXRTVT87xe3pY5PhgQfwNzO+xv1NdOX5AvIbIBvaZFZTsGhPHrSlIVcJE32JHzrpSyQY32gao6X39detVltPA/jHGX5+zZ8qTKS5AzJIvYDWa50qInPDfio0KuscVEqhKQQeUC+1hVpen1DEAxxXIROXqa23CMq5s4/wAJwScZhROQffI3j831qdB/Eml/P8A488dyVWfH0PPVop9VGNQ6C8VBGHzcgMJUUC0gTASetjXzojzO3AIMYTGq/4s08uZSxzebMDHQD51Lribl9x1TSEoymEIBBiBb+kdyNSal83pdgGsz9me83Dz5UpMylQgEgETatUp6rT0I2lK7GZ4r4sAFNMr4hP/ACI4dsqZzSZHvFdaaFN8jEmKpOGxLqvtBUltO7J5ioWF1WvE13SaMgWWPDDZLZXJmXVnpsERNXxbgcb8Owq1hYBwzKgJS5ICVCDmBFxPT51iXlnyDsUxkCPvxiEqE8yco5rWA12NqzPEQaMPFYb7M6W3kcKybJObaeXX3rsnJk0cCnElpsIVxkZjaLJBhN1degrlW12ZpJj+KwYzqQokomMyTadek1KapzDFn3Ww2UyYNveurREZRLPlV6T+lS+huScO44w8HkGSnTMJCrQUkbgiQaTAiUem8MdwTjqX3EJwigLNos0qFZ7dJ0irKqaWSVzENcjHHeOIdWpAyFQUA35ckZAJHarU1U4StSrf2aVKSV7uZGfE8LhMc2jDupUEplaFD/rdPvWei4ToeVTmTlXnOqAcJKCEoSeGmAB2jN80z8KdSnHkKaoOcQULhUA7hPXT6V5l/CdTTqq8Odi428xPGtt4hstPWuFCDcET+0ivZQqelipiKXTBp+KODST4rgkYZDD6CtSBlERp8a8vU6PS6qSrbpwzhqpzubpdafhsgX2vwlRlaHAPypEfMEfrWOh/Gpoqbq6006KpP8nV9SuIV+QD7mBUPueM0dgtQKD75jXoqXSjwrs1Nznir1wsGmTYC+lYa0jMmISdxmDSpYcdAgwbE/tXZfxHh8VSpcZM5fG8XyvudlQpIWghaFaKBtXz6ulXQ/6PXTWmjkEAxYfqa2lXrpuR1UB220ZlHVOv8vXpdWXueeC68iW1bW9KmK4gWYw7pghICIud7/OsfEnvJrDGodeDW/KMkqXpNrdulMcR6LuI/IgrCYdlKRiEo4ihLRCtAD0g1uarzMJw+47Ge/hXw9IEt6nZN9N664qcNmYgPhvCsc6gulshlVs0+UdI2rD6lMxTd0mocX1JZwISuHtYORKQfio/So3fj9sNOTWwjjzaCicyYynlJrnlV4dLhpamYWfDmSUqzieblSIvXWr4tblR7lTops0e2Z8Ow+GSlxSJeylRJAKvhcW2rzOp6FLHKTlkla8qU5zCwgXVeCZ61Lv/AN0H0EMX4kw2FIU5kdgBKFHVUE7aiLV2wp3XmZyMHFeLhwk4cZykGXScvYiDsBpF66qhQZcmDzOlKnnCTplOwFvmK7EJQgLUQhJWjWJiY3NQHoXMOp3BJyN8FtF0qXAHpmIuZNc58wZ+NxTuFb4PBWGFc2ZagtRgeY5LWJq2etymap3iqRklM2gFSgNTME69hat9ySMtY1bTyXw6HHk6yLEdKy6dCyanhfiwxGIP2lGcInLkRCfdCBXHqdPKDSqGPFcelZ4TScptlSCAL7QOl6zTTqJM/E+HY1tWV/ImYVCTKoOlvnXVVTuUF9kbaMKvB061dDIZ9soCCmAj0msGkdKnYQi5/f0rLsU1cFhlMDMpRC+xsOsVzxVTNLaDjuPOvvltOUJKh+I202jSvVR1lEOnP0OTUuZM1xvHK8xCdPKsbHN8prL6y2KqEKvMY5JLjZ4t+YJVze061n4jqczh2NWQJtfEMEOZh5wW1ymfzWOtcquap8za4NH7L1c9kif1iuaeoKcHJdQSRITKpAn19KrrvaV2NJeYbgCAEoJB/qIF+ypqrq1RmZi5ZCuCnlWkKm2dOf8A+2K7U11LRd3oc2pzB4h5jFwX8Cy44PxoTc+oBB+Nbq6/VecNevpsKVQtPeATmIxa0pSJDSLNt8MJSkdBArk+pVlpsdJX+NKU65sGE4o3yEA62tWcXuJcQ4GR9pyZShsd4M1VVtSu5zjXEwrIm2qvS3zrGbyg2VcfDNyedWkV0ib6IwCRj21zEiL5pmrOjCRJEAJkzeVlIn0FZ539EWfYDfRSra2F7dyKNP7FkIlakMFtK1EKuSUmfQJmovndStoWcuAalhI5lRb8UiB860k/qRsE9iZTCVW+Mj0rpQuDmzFd51Tf+dIrvIPoDrxeBQwg2gt5wrKR1JEmOteLDr7G5IEttJDwGYpCHFXjMdIBE6xPatNba/UgFmGlfeOsohAnKrKU5blKRJNwNT7Cum9iCuOVhsQytKGULBQEJXlkx51FJVrrWsHl+CSeQx+A4L/AQcxVGTe2pPbvW6XIHcIhhhI0cUQc5VZtIiUnr0tS4NBvw0YvA4VzEv8ADCwFeaPNaOgkXqOZsBDH4vCsJLeAdcRYpLQMo9L3vRJ6wwC8O8J4+GVi3nUstxyLUMxUZIgAERpVdWiUwBBOCxHMpuFJkoBB8x/pmriEG1/p9CGmlOYnKlgFWdZPMq3ksod6xWpyEmd4jjMPiFIOHQUvIPnzR0iB261aaWs7rYskf7riyZW4VA3v8PWmBCTUYLWKAWHod0UlQt7VybazRtQFbwbriuGeVsXNYdSSkpos4Ztgco+tcpbKc44UXrrRBhkF8kW7ZqogqpZiZsd6w/dFOYTnsbJ3+lc2zcDS3sqcqL2jLNZANLhXlzKlYSEx01P71syZan0veItYcjOAZWkzteelqvUUdNvLQ1Rma/mJKtTPwrl29CyZ+O8QbaytJFrSRXoU4Xe5hKRdrEFvEJU2mQpUBE+ZI1gHesOrXbUuCTUkN2tMTG1V3vkmZVrEjMqe15/alvX2BEbzanYEuEBIiJGgP61pIyRn4gQys8tyNoJuZNXE6aH3/BaVL4MnxPCoaWoi0yDXRVNxJbeoTBS6wLfgyzOpFta502bp2qfuKrPvAUjppF9zfa1XTkyQs2Cc0aQE+Yxr/DTRxtmwAdudwm5Tae0W3q+/f7gVccywcnEUZJKki3oOlaXeIyRP2Qal5rgZRAgJFh+lbRIPVuqlHNeReJypT8pJrTghmK8WCMpQktjypzXgTM5VE/WpC3KK4jGgEFxfGCsqoF9yTJ9fXSnBCrniDaGpzFarjKgwkdO561oGNfNAPn5cyhNtd6A3MAjw55osKaQXXEBpJ8gBUTKp3UmBptWIe7NGwvAYM4ZHExPEOGSlnDgqKEpX5ZsJPT2qPF55EPL4vCYhhaICUlSSXXULz5xnyqJJjQ9K0n38yj98Y2cOlsLwrSypTgZKUlKTOSRcTvFYlJ89wZ3iPi77i0tJQ0hloyhLKIQe99fetqmnOIIUZVh8Q8hOTKFzxI2v+GO1S6LmL4rCth1SGkqIX/w3zeuguSNq0nbPuSBQzobEbG2laBLbymzmHmE0gSbv+n8Ytbxaz2V5ZFvUibe1ebrUxDR0pdmeizBU/wBOlc8JJF31oWkpVy3/AIa1GRQCQFcjJmdSaw0zUjARCYSb6k1i+ty9g6Ecgi3rXNs0VKYMG381qAlLSEaCSd9613I0JjDFOJLylCTpGo29KtVUrsVIZ4H/AMxUoBslOp9amLa3JI1LIQy2eVAEbxp71PcpCloRcQTeDFdErmW2QiFbX/hrU6SYgvCdTadKskBPYptEA72mPeulNNjLYl9sLgK0IKUfgUu2f0vXTDTMK8ZtZepL+o/4YyXWzIIUc6r61xqvU9VZGpheQsWy+h1lfmRcHe1bqiiunZ2LnT2EMIpaCpjbz/Wo7Vf9rf0HlOw6pSliferFjIHMSqdNZi3zqtaAWcevZK1TJJF79ulWOeACdTMqy3OX/wBKj6SL0WXr6F/sVKoJBUQRIImK1HH3Gept47Ery5UqzICYOvL3IPe1aMmPinS6BF43M6zpeqQrZLeWecapO8xaRtQA2mlkWEHMbz5iNqoCKwZQqVmxGaZiewqFJbLnnnylKuYTQGiMTlSUrM5VEyi94oAWF8N+0O/aHMUlltnKAHbyTJy9IMVlt5JTINMYnEqxCcJhyCwjMcqQc3NPL0+grnaHJWXHgGBxy1OvqUMoCSAUaiZObfLp7VjFWrL6FSRbD+D+FtEvYZfEcARACxk6TzTr/LVlvqa/Q1YZWzg8EEYl15Wc85kAQtcc1h5tgKeJ2sxYpjPCMN4gyrMpMqEsqKQlYKT8ea9KanTVZB7HnHP9MPYZtTjqkOy2tSA0qYWkiygRca6b16PizGhnCC8CW3hcQVYjkVl5UqEKvWOtLjDe+hqjWT1aX2nk5mShJA5kk79v7V5pqRuEVXgmXykEZQmAkhfmO89ulZlmsi7bLKSpKUwdJnUdr1Ja1EToUUhm+UHMLctL6sFFFxPnT93Y5yoE1O3mUuswkqHSU5vL8aq0khVopLI/ESAM0kgGb1Jzt+CwQARZEJvyjWpJYLDmUkLn/tt6mKT7kKr4hudB02BrUmSqWUojLFp2/l6q+4YbMEp0gVqPcwLu5Se6YntG1dlTK+n5MTBRxrjMwlWUqi/yFoNwK1lLibfvqFncqhpLhDvDVYnmdHNEQITt71jFbBOUZWp5vqWI8xpl0B25KU/mrUWjUi5DYrDFnEtv/gdBBNZfi6fNLNJQ3SZBZS3iua1iI71qqWqauTKyaLOOAkRqLV0ixkGrMVCxjed/h0rLyKCU5lN0qzXIgaxVgC7yoIMED8vNzdJ9Kv7P7uBQlIOiu+mvxqx2Eo9Y9wkt51FJ/F18x+OorRDGdR9qxHIjlzSpzy2ABgTsZolACuYMSS2jMJIPYC5+lAHThGMNhkwmFqukE8y4/SjC7FnW0JV5W0r8qHIgJn8iTv3p7gT+zln/AMZsl50rlalCEgm+n4oip3jsgMI8MOUklKYMkqUPbl1+FJegNbD4RTZ4OHIRZPPlnQ5iT3n4Vn37gT8O8NVh3X8W5iCp9eYNcK6ck6kGTv7Vyqr0jD+7m1AZX2bBMhMKK5+6U43nCRJ1GunWovF+PuXIRxni7WBysu8iok5WkpST+GQPf410p6cxkZbMbxLxdtScmGKjBB4qrFR9NovXRdPVmZDj/U+KATGVS8uUTqDuZM0+FSJAtO47HqcUhJWWb5kLACZsOZW01KklC+xpAXcTxWlAFKVZpWLap0OY61Ih5F0FG3si9SoKMkfrFbdMoicGozjGVpyzYkcp3NearptXOqqQ81iMqo1y2sI12HprXF0m5Dtv5k5Z+t6y1BZDqekAA3Gs3tU7gAqM5dWpS1KARECBNrCrfhQA6VqKEoSYHzgVgoVJB3toIuetQFnDYqBiBW0YYNCs6ipPlgBUXMx62o3luWLBHElKYT5hpMa7VulGKmDeVw05lDMq0jSOpFdKd37GHeyKcMLTccqiFTvHbSxraq1XZfupl7epbyi5gaD21rS2ICQri+ULixumB89aaxILAgKSJA6jX9BVa1ElnXnXTIP3Uco/KfQ6VuLYebhMXxCeJlei5sr1FctI/wBXYur5M3E4ooUCiQ2QApWUKT8ZHNXdKFu/32MA0nEuAGAonlSFqSmRqLdatrvRXlL1H1OWvEFHEfQttCTlsJBP9qQpwLQffIV+0JWsFJVpoBACvpFRq0c+xRzDst8IZlQex/8A5Nc6pbbDfDNl1hD6cgHDBy5M5zLJFyTsLXrfvcBUMoaTmbSoJT5bJEDre8x2pMakFXsRJPFvnjIlJtlBvbvvPwpPkWBhxboh6Rcoy8hCo/pm/oLUnhd5G5ZttBcDpzOlAiSNKMewb7MIClIGa/Km4FyYPU+/rUAVCTGRXIAd0zcC4AMaqOvapbSPMhV9ZVITIi5KvKkKgfhi50p2KLraSsKwzKSlCSUlZ5ZJMbfzanGo5CfaMM0sBwlRCTd2bJH7TUwTqJPOf6g8Zaxv3TaERMkoEX9Y17+1bp6cORJj4XDOYteUCTqSd42rdTgILicLlxCvs6FBuRDa7lJ3ST6zHWs4lF2IB8FzDaqyrVKcg3Sdc301qpp5DIojp1O1UqLqRn35u9v7VJEAkgi+kW0q5kNfw9xw6qm+lefqxsdqRlK8q4C8yhM8vL/Irk+0GggUIyBR6yEx+tZ5KMtjiQmCEiwkxWcvM0GSfwDmOs1zKNoTJSTvAi38tWZsDlhUkAwQYJ1B61ppq2xmxRSktoXlTyoTnUExpYe9bppbe7ZlsnMFSvaLzsa3TeDFQO97Dqf0FdoOZUO5Yy2AHXftRUFb1CJSkA2B6gaVqDMi7xUbXn9tb1YhWsARvmzQJ6G9a1X3AMvhNwcsnU6elaWsbE1UjCHEutBaLpVCv2Ncnrvk+5vk86+nGKQCscBsqiVwL9gb16JU1KlOqM4X3MbSxtjDMoRxXQHVylCVJG//AKNz1Jrld2dklLX98eRe15CIZBezNsJRYkKOZwA/1SqJ9K03KSvVLVpd/Jadyb5L09uQScIlHKIOZUEgR+lSp5t+hYyDzFjA6CamWSHc3whDBQ1JWZOTkutUHN0MDvTPOPIQNQpDPKBxFWQjLJt1uKjuhqZj2EU2cyQM1oIsJmDofrWdTUl1IaBUCpMgzYqCQdpM71u/PaTIxhc3DyJV5+gmfT4fWhC/CDah9oWsjNOVPIJiTJVbrpUlvX0KBxT4LaUobUVOWCUqPKFalR1mmWbgBSFYdspslSRZC5IzHQ7k9qud8xkRh2nFKSYVlTfObRAuqE/Co2p/AM3xsNIwQdzqQCqUgSorzXCVKiBrmArSbnNeYMT/AGB1S+RQXlyZhmve8mNB8+1XHCuhBo4XwpzBvlu+ecxUgkZG4k82ukRXN1Nr6a/gKPQMz4hg8FiFEcRpAKoDiypKlgee4sZsPWaiomzeL0K8rKAeNaccbZx2LbcWcRZSSkJidAD5tB0qSn8tStsvuVW/Jf7HhXlDDhkgDQIvKlWJMRFcsbV8VzavoIYrwVAcyJUoAT5km5iQABJ96609V6x/QdKMlcJI0J7aeh7iu6MMZYWlG0A9651ItLNJCkLAgW/m1edqDrIVwwQbydtz6T0rMFLHOZzmEG/x2nrWW9v3kqNBsNtiDaNNa5WNDNkXNgbk0IBMnQafirZhsulAyyvmItcSa0jLIMmQD5dovPvauig5tglJkm+vQ6TXWTIJSAqOxiuiy3JJdBCSOb2jtT2AN9abonmTZdtPXua3s/QAmm8qSTMTvb9Kxmyl3EAqlQ6CCdutXTgm4HDNFlnhJFplE/1evesP5q9Zz8jewQsWSkpTn3OUKgH/ALG3sKmKVdTsr+sL7snEwcChABcyEQQm2ZM9UjSiWitfxaepPdv1AKyKkFptTuhHlSlOu4jua1lulolPiH639iqribCOlFtHcFMjSrlRntm/ZVTxdvT+jS4uemSEIcGVACgcgVIzGLkkjYzFWLzczJynm8MguqBU4ZypETzegmw71IAhiWHltAZ/s8WShIkpi5JE7DSrL0jzCFsNgQkZUrzkHUco5yIEaTuTPWkvWFwU0UJThwpx3ykFU5SZmIjt7VEQKpUkOrJVmkhPlSlMm2ma56X2qu93/fuwBJcMJTJXHNlBGuouas/uf9AGZuTdUZiv+oxAHpTFvcdgobbSmV8645tVAJ7D2qTC24mCk4r7Kgp4gUv7PDmSTYi6QT1PT2rOdm/Lde4BYhvEPtl4MoLnDSmFk58yrTE5RG/QzWcSp/2ji3sgk90KOYYNYhwOoQGeCVqSz96VaDLI57ak2oqtrf8AZmo8+xkO4jIsKS7nCipxI8yYVbKQdDHqQK6Zq69frJlZ2/eDYx6g402jELVZEsEJSMsaKA12is55R7x9SZBFPAFpPGS0CmDnhLija6hJSBFclS9KfPTyk3i9DDx5cbbTxHkvCVpQW1GRIkTAgRFutdqVxhHuZeJfWYzDmAgnqNrdRXSlIyyra4v+tVhDuHcIOYmQo6a3rlWjdJpJXzZUgdCo2v2A2rztb+h0H8OwHMri9UjKk7DvFcaso02Nq19TSSY00F6xAB+bzfmCvWre+hCusqUmBchPTtNdM3/qZfqRN5A7AfWtpHNsnza//V8QKsEBOq/qFvgJkj4V1S2/UZAhKVQXLqP5bSfetrukQIcrRKo5vmK1nm7Iz2BABeYqEKKr+3XrVzbfEeRrKCDimboCxnH4e9MMfNZekjPKSym8pJBtb3rM5bhf2BIgQk+1FdyUqZUVCJ6zoT3NHCjcIXErVBZB1ykm6AkRa+h9Kll4fE1lG7b/AHNjnLVgHXSlQzIDSDuVBThkWGVO51uK1p4cVTyn5aVu5G8+i32D4dCn1p/IeUnT01/eubqhRTuagJGaYtBItO1VxTaOTN3c/9k=)
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California -- How fast can evolution take place? In just a few years, according to a new study on guppies led by UC Riverside’s Swanne Gordon, a graduate student in biology.
Gordon and her colleagues studied guppies — small fresh-water fish biologists have studied for long — from the Yarra River, Trinidad. They introduced the guppies into the nearby Damier River, in a section above a barrier waterfall that excluded all predators. The guppies and their descendents also colonized the lower portion of the stream, below the barrier waterfall, that contained natural predators. |
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Eight years later (less than 30 guppy generations), the researchers found that the guppies in the low-predation environment above the barrier waterfall had adapted to their new environment by producing larger and fewer offspring with each reproductive cycle. No such adaptation was seen in the guppies that colonized the high-predation environment below the barrier waterfall.
“High-predation females invest more resources into current reproduction because a high rate of mortality, driven by predators, means these females may not get another chance to reproduce,” explained Gordon, who works in the lab of David Reznick, a professor of biology. “Low-predation females, on the other hand, produce larger embryos because the larger babies are more competitive in the resource-limited environments typical of low-predation sites. Moreover, low-predation females produce fewer embryos not only because they have larger embryos but also because they invest fewer resources in current reproduction.”
Study results appear in the July issue of The American Naturalist. |
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